In some areas wolves survive only by killing livestock and eating livestock carrion and human garbage. [113], Wolves from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem have dispersed into Colorado several times in the 21st Century. The Eurasian population probably exceeds 100,000 and is stable or increasing in most countries, and most afford the wolf some degree of legal protection. Vast tidal estuaries exist in this area that have not been surveyed for wildlife. But Worries About Hunting Grow", "Gray wolves reintroduction to Colorado may have hit a snag", "Gray wolves to be reintroduced to Colorado in unprecedented vote", "Mexican Wolf Blue Range Reintroduction Project Statistics", "The Mexican Gray Wolf Recovery Program Home", "Wild population of Mexican wolves grows in size for sixth year | U.S. A male wolf weighs up to 99 pounds while the female wolf up to 85 pounds. [91], As of 2017[update], the United States has up to 18,000 wolves, about two thirds of which are in Alaska. [89] In the winter of 2015 the government of British Columbia began undertaking a cull of up to 184 wolves in an effort to combat dwindling caribou populations in the South Selkirk Mountains and the South Peace region. ), $22.92 billion (31 December 2017 est. [5], Slovakia has a stable population of 350-400 wolves. [5], In Bangladesh, an Indian wolf appeared after no sightings for 70 years and 450km eastwards from the nearest population. ), total petroleum production: 10,300 bbl/day (2021 est. Several subspecies occur throughout North America, Eurasia, and Africa; however, classifications disagree on the number of wolf subspecies. Fish and Wildlife Service, State Agencies Release 2014 Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Population Numbers", "State biologists capture Okanogan wolves", Gray Wolf Conservation and Management-Wolf Packs in Washington-Annual Report-Pack Statistics-(as of December 31, 2014), "Former Imnaha pack wolf OR-7 enters California", "Don't stop believingThe journey of OR7", "ODFW: Wolf ready for state delisting Gray wolf could be coming off of Oregon's protected species list", "Bush delists gray wolf in majority of U.S.", "Congress strips grey wolf endangered species protection", "Judge restores protections to wolves in Wyoming", "Confirmed Wolf Spotted In New York State For Just 3rd Time In 25 Years", "Exclusive: Tourists video Grand Canyon wolf", http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/mexicanwolf/pdf/Grand_Canyon_Canid_fNR.11-20-14.pdf, "Endangered grey wolf spotted in Grand Canyon for first time in 70 years shot dead by blundering hunter", "U.S. plans end to wolf protections, upsetting wildlife advocates", "Biden Backs The End Of Protections For Wolves. By January 2023, the number of packs has grown to 18 Swiss and 5 cross-border packs. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est. However, farmers targeted and killed most wolves because of attacks on humans and livestock in the early twentieth century leading to their extinction in Japan by 1905. The most recent wolf to enter New York was killed by a hunter who mistook it for a coyote. Gray wolf populations according to the U.S. Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America and . A southern relict population has survived in Andalusia, although contrary to the populations in the northwest and centre of the country, it is not doing well. Populations are decreasing due to hunting from farmers. )$21.45 billion (31 December 2016 est. Light-coloured wolves are common in Arctic regions. What year were the wolves brought back to Yellowstone National Park? [5], The former State Union of Serbia and Montenegro has a stable population of 500 wolves, though it is unknown if they are afforded any protection and no compensation is paid for livestock damage. It also has the highest population growth rate in Latin America, which is likely to continue because of its large reproductive-age population and high birth rate. [citation needed] Wolf recovery has been so successful that the United States Fish & Wildlife Service removed the western gray wolf from the federal endangered species list on March 28, 2008. [120] As part of the 2020 elections, voters in Colorado narrowly voted to deliberately reintroduce wolves to the state. In Europe, those that survived retreated to rare enclaves, finding sanctuary on the high ground of the Apennines, or fleeing east into the debatable lands where Europe bleeds into Asia. The different lone wolves are probably from the French or Italian populations. However, they do not hunt in packs. The wolf is built for travel. There were a total of 25 . IDPs: 243,000 (more than three decades of internal conflict that ended in 1996 displaced mainly the indigenous Maya population and rural peasants; ongoing drug cartel and gang violence) (2021), a major transit country for illegal drugs; illicit cultivation of opium poppies, marijuana, and coca plants in rural areas; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). [96][123] In 2014, there were around 83 Mexican wolves in the wild. Isolated individuals have been sighted in the vicinity of human populated areas such as Tuscany, Bologna, Parma and Tarquinia. Canada and Guatemala moved into the quarter-finals of the CONCACAF Gold Cup with goal-filled wins in group D on Tuesday, causing agony for Guadeloupe who crashed out. Wolf predation on domesticated animals and attack on humans, has led to bitter encounters with humans, who retaliate by hunting and killing the wolves. It lived in every type of habitat except tropical forests and the most arid deserts, and it was the premier hunter of the large hoofed mammals. [71] In some regions, bounties are paid for the destruction of wolves and dens. )spirits: 0.68 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The number of stock killed in North America is small but increasing as wolves expand their range. )on alcohol and tobacco: 1.6% of household expenditures (2018 est. As of 1 June 2021 they are legally protected and can't be hunted. [49] In 2018, it was estimated that the total population of Greenland wolves was about 200, but with significant uncertainty due to their very remote range. [94] Their population is concentrated in two autonomous communities: around 700 in Galicia[6] and 1,600 in Castille and Len. An estimated 528 wolves resided in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem as of 2015. [123] The Mexican Wolf was reintroduced into the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in Arizona in 1998 as part of a captive breeding program. Wolves will usually stay with the pack until they are 2-3 years of age. [74] No livestock damage compensation is paid. )$141.445 billion (2020 est. Some hold that the original form was Quauhtemallan (indicating an Aztec rather than a Mayan origin), meaning "land of trees," and others . [5] About 2,000 are killed yearly for a $40 bounty, though the animal's numbers have risen sharply. Wolves can live in packs of up to two dozen individuals, but groups numbering 6 to 10 are most common. Omissions? A pack is a family group consisting of an adult breeding pair (the alpha male and alpha female) and their offspring of various ages. The young are usually born in a den consisting of a natural hole or a burrow, often in a hillside. [citation needed], Israel has a stable population of approximately 180 - 250 wolves: at least 80 - 100 Indian wolves in the north (Carmel, Galilee, and Golan Heights), and 100-150 Arabian wolves in the south (Negev Highlands, Arava Valley, and Eilat Mountains). The majority of countries in Europe, except the Eastern part, had exterminated the entire wolf population by the 19th century. Belize lacks resources to detect and extradite impoverished Guatemalan peasants squatting in Belizean rain forests in the remote border areas. After two or more years in the pack, many leave to search for a mate, establish a new territory, and possibly even start their own pack. A wolf packs territory can be 80 to 3,000 square km (31 to 1,200 square miles), depending on prey abundance. Diseases and human activities are the main threats facing the existence and conservation of wolves. Compensation is paid for livestock damage. [50] They have been fully protected in Greenland since 1988. The population is expanding southwards and eastwards from the northwest, having recently reached Madrid, vila, Guadalajara and Salamanca. The encroachment of humans into the wolf habitat possess a great risk to conservation and aggravates human-wolf conflict. [citation needed] The wolf can be found in central, northern, and eastern Anatolia away from coastal areas and at altitudes above 900 metres. [5], Lebanon has a population of about 50 wolves. [5], There are currently no recent or reliable estimates on wolf populations in Afghanistan or Bhutan. According to the 2021 annual count, the U.S. population of Mexican wolves has increased by 5 percent since the previous year, raising the total number of wolves in the wild to a minimum of 196 animals. Abundant Animals: The Most Numerous Organisms in the World, Live Science - Wolf Facts: Gray Wolves, Timber Wolves & Red Wolves, wolf - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), wolf - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Wolves that nearly died out from inbreeding recovered, now helping a remote islands ecosystem. Under the Berne Convention, wolves are listed as an endangered species and killing them is illegal. Compensation is paid for livestock damage. Breeding occurs between February and April, and a litter of usually five or six pups is born in the spring after a gestation period of about two months. [82], Jordan has an unprotected, unknown number of wolves, thought to be roughly numbering 200. The U.S. [84], Pakistan has an estimated population of at least 365-415 wolves: 350 - 400 across Gilgit-Baltistan, and at least 15 in South Waziristan. Behavior. Spanish (official) 69.9%, Maya languages 29.7% (Q'eqchi' 8.3%, K'iche 7.8%, Mam 4.4%, Kaqchikel 3%, Q'anjob'al 1.2%, Poqomchi' 1%, other 4%), other 0.4% (includes Xinca and Garifuna); note - the 2003 Law of National Languages officially recognized 23 indigenous languages, including 21 Maya languages, Xinca, and Garifuna (2018 est. Females average about 20 percent smaller than males. A third pack, the Shasta Pack, was last detected in 2015. Those who stay with the pack may eventually replace a parent to become a breeding animal (alpha). [121][122], The wolf was extirpated from Mexico in the 1970s, when the U.S. and Mexican governments cooperated to capture all remaining wild Mexican wolves and initiate a captive-breeding program in an attempt to save the local subspecies. [87], Turkey has a population of about 7,000. The Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon have 5,000 wolves each, British Columbia has 8,500 wolves,[89] Alberta 7,000, Saskatchewan 4,300, Manitoba 4,000-6,000, Ontario 9,000, Quebec 5,000 and Labrador 2,000. In the late 20th century, greater tolerance, legal protection, and other factors allowed their range to expand in portions of North America and Europe. )26.48% of GDP (2018 est. ), degree of risk: high (2023)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 1.63 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. This applies equally to the Belarusian part of the zone. [5] In the fall of 2012, the government of British Columbia was considering a cull of the wolf population in some areas. Wolves communicate with one another by visual signaling (facial expression, body position, tail position), vocalizations, and scent marking. [5], Belarus is home to a population of 1,5002,000 wolves. Howling helps the pack stay in contact and also seems to strengthen social bonds among pack members. [19][20] In October 2014 Lower Saxony already had a wolf population of circa 50 animals: 5 packs, all with confirmed pups in 2014, 2 confirmed mated pairs and one territorial unpaired female. Biologists on the IFT use this information to gain timely information about wolf behavior in the wild and assist with . [73] This competitive exclusion of wolves by tigers has been used by Russian conservationists to convince hunters in the Far East to tolerate the big cats, as they are less harmful to livestock, and are effective in controlling the latter's numbers. [14] Compensation is paid for livestock losses. note: data are in current year dollars$12.713 billion (2020 est.) Roman Catholic 41.7%, Evangelical 38.8%, other 2.7%, atheist 0.1%, none 13.8%, unspecified 2.9% (2018 est.). Dubbed the African golden wolf, it's the first new species of canida group that includes wolves, coyotes, and jackalsdiscovered in 150 years. )7.519 (2018 est. The red wolf is a social species that lives in packs. The gray wolf, being a keystone predator, is an integral component of the ecosystems to which it typically belongs. No livestock damage compensation is paid. )2.19% (2019 est. [5], Tajikistan has a population of 1,700 wolves in 2016, which are stable and unprotected. [9][5], Italy's wolves are a protected species with current estimates indicating that there are over 2,000 wolves living in the wild. ), conventional long form: Republic of Guatemalaconventional short form: Guatemalalocal long form: Repblica de Guatemalalocal short form: Guatemalaetymology: the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called "Quauhtemallan" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means "land of trees" or "forested land", but which the Spanish pronounced "Guatemala"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country, name: Guatemala Citygeographic coordinates: 14 37 N, 90 31 Wtime difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called "Quauhtemallan" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means "land of trees" or "forested land", but which the Spanish pronounced "Guatemala"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country, 22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa, history: several previous; latest adopted 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended and reinstated in 1994amendments: proposed by the president of the republic, by agreement of 10 or more deputies of Congress, by the Constitutional Court, or by public petition of at least 5,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Congress membership and approval by public referendum, referred to as "popular consultation"; constitutional articles such as national sovereignty, the republican form of government, limitations on those seeking the presidency, or presidential tenure cannot be amended; amended 1993, civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years with no absences of six consecutive months or longer or absences totaling more than a year, 18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces and police by law cannot vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day, chief of state: President Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (since 14 January 2020); Vice PresidentCesar Guillermo CASTILLO Reyes(since 14 January 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (since 14 January 2020); Vice PresidentCesar Guillermo CASTILLO Reyes(since 14 January 2020)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (not eligible for consecutive terms); election last held on 16 June 2019 with a runoff on 11 August 2019 (next to be held in June 2023)election results: 2019: Alejandro GIAMMATTEI elected president; percent of vote in first round - Sandra TORRES (UNE) 25.5%, Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 14%, Edmond MULET (PHG) 11.2%, Thelma CABRERA (MLP) 10.4%, Roberto ARZU (PAN-PODEMOS) 6.1%, other 32.8%; percent of vote in second round - Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 58%, Sandra TORRES (UNE) 42%2015: Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera (FNC) 23.9%, Sandra TORRES (UNE) 19.8%, Manuel BALDIZON (LIDER) 19.6%, other 36.7%; percent of vote in second round - Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera 67.4%, Sandra TORRES 32.6%, description: unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (160 seats; 128 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies in the country's 22 departments and 32 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote, using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms)elections: last held on 16 June 2019 (next to be held on June 2023)election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNE 52, VAMOS 17, UCN 12, VALOR 9, BIEN 8, FCN-NACION 8, SEMILLA 7, TODOS 7, VIVA 7, CREO 6, PHG 6, VICTORIA 4, Winaq 4, PC 3, PU 3, URNG 3, PAN 2, MLP 1, PODEMOS 1; composition - men 129, women 31, percent of women 19.4%, highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 13 magistrates, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - the court president also supervises trial judges countrywide; note - the Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitucionalidad of Guatemala resides outside the country's judicial system; its sole purpose is the interpretation of the constitution and to see that the laws and regulations are not superior to the constitution (consists of 5 titular magistrates and 5 substitute magistrates)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court magistrates elected by the Congress of the Republic from candidates proposed by the Postulation Committee, an independent body of deans of the country's university law schools, representatives of the country's law associations, and representatives of the Courts of Appeal; magistrates elected for concurrent, renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges - 1 elected by the Congress of the Republic, 1 by the Supreme Court, 1 by the president of the republic, 1 by the (public) University of San Carlos, and 1 by the Assembly of the College of Attorneys and Notaries; judges elected for renewable, consecutive 5-year terms; the presidency of the court rotates among the magistrates for a single 1-year termsubordinate courts: Appellate Courts of Accounts, Contentious Administrative Tribunal, courts of appeal, first instance courts, child and adolescence courts, minor or peace courts, Bienestar Nacional or BIEN [Fidel REYES LEE]Citizen Prosperity or PC [Hernan MEJIA and Jorge GARCIA SILVA]Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO [Rodolfo NEUTZE]Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS [Felipe ALEJOS]Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG-MAIZ or URNG [Walter FELIX]Humanist Party of Guatemala or PHG [Rudio MERIDA]Movement for the Liberation of Peoples or MLP [Thelma CABRERA and Vincenta JERONIMO]Movimiento Semilla or SEMILLA [Samuel PEREZ Alvarez]National Advancement Party or PAN [Manuel CONDE]National Convergence Front or FCN-NACION [Javier HERNANDEZ]National Unity for Hope or UNE [Sandra TORRES and Jorge VARGAS]Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Carlos ROJAS and Sofia HERNANDEZ] (dissolved 16 December 2021)PODEMOS [Jose LEON]Political Movement Winaq or Winaq [Sonia GUTIERREZ Raguay]Value or VALOR [Zury RIOS and Lucrecia MARROQUIN]Vamos por una Guatemala Diferente or VAMOS [Alejandro GIAMMATTEI]Victory or VICTORIA [Abraham RIVERA and his four sons Amilcar, Juan, Manuel, and Edgar]Vision with Values or VIVA [Armando Damian CASTILLO Alvarado], BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Alfonso Jose QUINONEZ LEMUS (since 17 July 2020)chancery: 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 745-4953FAX: [1] (202) 745-1908email address and website: infoembaguateeuu@minex.gob.gtconsulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Del Rio (TX), Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, McAllen (TX), Miami, New York, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Providence (RI), Raleigh (NC), San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco, Seattleconsulate(s): Lake Worth (FL), Silver Spring (MD), Tucson (AZ), chief of mission: Ambassador William W. POPP (since 13 August 2020)embassy: Avenida Reforma 7-01, Zone 10, Guatemala Citymailing address: 3190 Guatemala Place, Washington DC 20521-3190telephone: [502] 2326-4000FAX: [502] 2326-4654email address and website: AmCitsGuatemala@state.govhttps://gt.usembassy.gov/, three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue, with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) representing liberty and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles signifying Guatemala's willingness to defend itself and a pair of crossed swords representing honor and framed by a laurel wreath symbolizing victory; the blue bands represent the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea; the white band denotes peace and puritynote: one of only two national flags featuring a firearm, the other is Mozambique, quetzal (bird); national colors: blue, white, name: "Himno Nacional de Guatemala" (National Anthem of Guatemala)lyrics/music: Jose Joaquin PALMA/Rafael Alvarez OVALLEnote: adopted 1897, modified lyrics adopted 1934; Cuban poet Jose Joaquin PALMA anonymously submitted lyrics to a public contest calling for a national anthem; his authorship was not discovered until 1911, total World Heritage Sites: 3 (2 cultural, 1 mixed)selected World Heritage Site locales: Antigua Guatemala (c); Tikal National Park (m); Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua (c), growing Central American economy; unique South Korean business relations; high poverty, inequality, and malnutrition; low government revenues impede educational, sanitation, and healthcare efforts; high migration, child labor, and remittances, $152.734 billion (2021 est.

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